Kelas kontruksi bangunan berdasarkan NFPA 220

Kelas kontruksi bangunan berdasarkan NFPA 220

Pada kesempatan kali ini sanabila.com akan membahas tentang salah astu bagian dari Construction/structural fire protection yaitu Kelas kontruksi bangunan berdasarkan Kelas kontruksi bangunan berdasarkan NFPA 220. Construction/structural fire protection sendiri merupakan salah satu unsur atau bagian dari risk assessment (penilaian resiko).

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) merupakan salah satu lembaga yang berasal dari Amerika Serikat. Berdasarkan standart National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Types of Building Construction terbagi menjadi 5 type diantaranya adalah :

Type I- Fire Resistive Construction
Buildings may be used as high-rise office buildings, shopping centers, or residential units.
Structural members shall be noncombustible or limited-combustible materials. Fire-resistance requirements have the following ratings as a range :

Exterior bearing walls: 3 to 4 hours.
Interior bearing walls: 2 to 4 hours.
Columns: 2 to 4 hours.
Beams, girders, trusses, and arches: 2 to 4 hours.
Floors: 2 to 3 hours.
Roof: 1-1/2 to 2 hours.
Exterior nonbearing walls: 0 hours

Type I- Fire Resistive Construction

Type II- Non-combustible Buildings
Buildings may be used as office buildings, warehouses, automobile repair. Structural members shall be noncombustible or limited-combustible materials.
Fire-resistance requirements shall have, as a minimum, the following ratings:

Exterior bearing walls: 0 to 2 hours.
Interior bearing walls: 0 to 2 hours.
Columns: 0 to 2 hours.
Beams, girders, trusses, arches: 0 to 2 hours.
Floors: 0 to 2 hours.
Roof: 0 to 1 hour

Type II- Non-combustible Buildings

Type III- Ordinary Buildings (Combustible and Non-combustibles)
Buildings may be office buildings, retail stores, mixed occupancy, dwellings, apartment buildings.
Structural elements:

Exterior walls noncombustible or limited-combustible materials-commonly masonry.
Interior structural members may be wood. The wooden members may be required to be fire resistive, up to a 1-hour rating.

Fire resistance: only the exterior load-bearing walls shall be noncombustible or limited combustible, and shall have as a minimum a 2-hour rating. The common construction material is masonry. Other structural members can be made of approved combustible material. They also may be required to be protected and to have the following fire-resistance ratings:

Interior bearing walls: 0 to 1 hour.
Columns: 0 to 1 hour.
Beams, girders, trusses, arches: 0 to 1 hour.
Floors: 0 to 1 hour.
Roof: 0 to 1 hour.
Exterior nonbearing walls: 0 hour

Type III- Ordinary Buildings (Combustible and Non-combustibles)

Type IV- Heavy Timber(Combustible and Non-combustible)
Buildings were constructed mainly for manufacturing. Buildings may be converted to dwelling units or to retail sales. Exterior and interior bearing walls shall have, as a minimum, the following fire-resistance ratings:

Exterior bearing walls: 2 hours.
Interior bearing walls: 1 to 2 hours..

Floors shall be splined or tongue and groove 3 inches thick with 1-inch tongue-and-groove flooring or 1/2-inch plywood laid crosswise or diagonally.
Four-inch laminated planks can be substituted for the 3-inch-thick splined or tongue-and-groove boards Roof decks shall be constructed of splined or tongue-and-groove planks 2 inches thick.

Three-inch laminated planks or 1-1/8-inch exterior plywood may be substituted for the 2-inch splined or tongue-and-groove boards

Type IV- Heavy Timber(Combustible and Non-combustible)

Type V- Wood Frame
Buildings may be used for single- or multiple-family dwelling units.
Buildings may be used for retail sales
Wood-frame buildings typically are constructed with one of five distinct construction methods:

Log.
Post-and-beam.
Balloon.
Platform.
Plank-and-beam.

Structural members are entirely or partially made from wood or other approved combustible material. Fire-resistance requirements for all elements can range from 0 to 1 hour.

Type V- Wood Frame

Sumber : Palm Beach County fire rescue.

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